• Saladin, the scourge of the Crusaders

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Master of Egypt and Syria, its efforts to eject the Crusaders of the Holy Land
It culminated, in 1187, with the conquest of Jerusalem. Their struggle with the English King Ricardo
Lionheart made him creditor of great military and tolerant man fame and
compassionate with their enemies.

The holy war that Saladin said the Crusaders in Palestine culminated with the conquest of Jerusalem in 1187. Their struggle with Richard the Lionheart won him fame of great general and Monarch compassionate and tolerant. At the end of the 12th century, some of the larger Christian princes of the time, as the same Richard the Lionheart, King of England and Duke of Normandy, came to Palestine in order to cope with a sultan of Kurdish origin who in a few years had created a vast Islamic Empire throughout the Middle East, and the Christian possessions in the region that had been reduced to a few coastal enclaves. Born in Tikrit, North of the current Iraq, in 1138, in the bosom of a family of Kurdish military, his military career and his personality left a deep mark on his contemporaries, even among his enemies. Saladin abolished the Fatimid caliphate of Egypt in 1171 and during the following ten years undertook a series of campaigns that made him Lord of the Middle East. As sovereign, and to avoid divisions and internal problems, he decided to intensify the policy of religious unity according to the principles of Sunni orthodoxy. He promoted the creation of many madrasas, Quran study centres where Muslim religious and political leaders futures were being prepared to do so. Saladin was defeating the Crusaders in the Holy land to consolidate his power against his internal enemies, who had tried to assassinate him. The war against the Christians would bring together all believers under the leadership of the «sultan of Islam and Muslims", as Saladin was titled from 1184. After conquering numerous cross, such as Acre, Ashkelon and Gaza plazas, Saladin besieged Jerusalem. The city, without troops who could defend it, surrendered in 1187. Richard the Lionheart, despite their initial successes against Saladin, could not fulfill its goal of reconquering Jerusalem, and had to sign an unfavourable peace with the sultan, in which the Crusaders were the domain of the coastal strip between Jaffa and shot, but renouncing the conquest of Jerusalem. Saladin not enjoyed much of his success: died in Damascus just six months after the signing of peace, the 2 March 1193.

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